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Keywords: Nikolai Gogol, biography, creativity, censorship, interpretations, author's intention, poetics, satire, social ideology, history of Russia, spiritual heritage.
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Vinogradov, I. A. “Artist and Authorities. Nikolay Gogol and the Censorship Policy of the 19th–20th Centuries.” Dva veka russkoi klassiki, vol. 3, no. 1, 2021, pp. 40–111. (In Russ.)  https://doi.org/10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-1-40-111

Author: Igor’ A. Vinogradov
Information about the author:

Igor' A. Vinogradov, DSc in Philology, Director of Research, A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Povarskaya 25 a, 121069 Moscow, Russia.

ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-4554

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Received: November 03, 2020
Approved after reviewing: January 29, 2021
Published: March 22, 2021
Issue: 2021 Volume 3 No. 1
Department: Russian Literature XVIII and XIX Centuries
Pages: 40-111
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-1-40-111
UDK: 821.161.1.0

Abstract: The article is devoted to historical and theoretical problems of relations between an artist and the authorities. The work summarizes old methodological principles for studying Russian censorship in the 19th century and formulates the new ones. A comprehensive study of the censorship histories of N. V. Gogol's works introduces significant adjustments to the idea of the exclusively negative role of censorship in his literary fate, and proves the overall positive interaction with the censorship department. The author analyzes the limitations of the "class approach" inherited from the past era in the understanding and assessment of censorship, which in fact represents a system of regulatory norms and restrictions. The social significance of the institution of censorship as the most important component of culture is emphasized. Despite the well-known shortcomings of the censorship department in the 19th century, which was exclusively covered by the radical criticism, Russian censorship was at the forefront of the struggle against negative processes that developed in the subsequent 20th century. The character of Gogol's satire as a form of public service is studied. The correlation of spiritual and pastoral denunciation with state interests is considered among other censorship issues.

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